The Panchromatic Afterglow of the Binary GW170817 and the Third Realization of the Interstellar Frame by Long Baseline Interferometry
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On the day of the week of February 21 – 23rd of December, 2019, according to gamma-ray burst afterglow modeling
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The Big Bang Bang 221009A: A Bright Gamma Ray Burst from a Massive Star Collected into a Black Hole
Astronomers sprang into action around the world. They wanted to point their telescopes at the most energetic photon explosion in the universe. “And by jetted, I mean like a firehose of emission,” says Wen-fai Fong, an astrophysicist at Northwestern University. Blasts like this are thought to be caused by the supernovae of giant stars, destructive collapses that give birth to black holes. The burst, called GRB 221009A, went off 2 billion light years away in the Sagitta constellation, one of the most energetic and close to Earth. To make for a flash at 10 times brighter than the others, these factors had to be present, leading some astronomer to call it theBOAT.
Brendan O’Connor, a PhD student at the University of Maryland, said in a statement that the longest GRB ever recorded is smashing all records at all wavelengths.
Scientists believe the creation of the long, bright pulse occurred when a massive star in the Sagitta constellation — about 2.4 billion light-years away — collapsed into a supernova explosion and became a black hole. The star was likely many times the mass of our sun.
The sun emits x-rays and strontium rays which were passed through the solar system and set off detectors on NASAs Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory.
Babies are born with powerful jets of particles that can move at close to the speed of light. The black hole’s detonation last week was the culmination of billions of years of travel across space.
Studying an event like this can reveal more details about the collapse of stars, how matter interacts near the speed of light and what conditions may be like in distant galaxies. Astronomers estimate that such a bright a gamma ray burst may not appear again for decades.
O’Connor was the leader of a team using the Gemini South telescope in Chile, operated by the National Science Foundation’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, or NOIRLab, to observe the aftermath on October 14.
“In our research group, we’ve been referring to this burst as the ‘BOAT’, or Brightest Of All Time, because when you look at the thousands of bursts gamma-ray telescopes have been detecting since the 1990s, this one stands apart,” said Jillian Rastinejad, a doctoral student at Northwestern University in Illinois who led a second team using Gemini South.
The International Space Station had an opportunity to have two devices on it, one of which is an X-ray telescope. The OHman is a combination of the two devices.
It was the first time the two devices, installed on the space station in April, were able to work together to detect a gamma-ray burst, and meant the NICER telescope was able to observe GRB 221009A three hours after it was detected.
“Future opportunities could result in response times of a few minutes,” said Zaven Arzoumanian, NICER science lead at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, in a statement.